The legal framework for religious minority property rights in Pakistan is primarily overseen by the Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB). This federal body manages properties left behind by Hindus and Sikhs who migrated during partition, often used for religious or educational purposes today. Legal issues frequently involve the "trust" status of a property, where occupants may face eviction notices or rent disputes initiated by the ETPB. In Peshawar, such matters often reach the Peshawar High Court via writ petitions if the ETPB’s administrative decisions are deemed Coram non-judice. Whether it involves a Mandir, Gurdwara, or associated commercial land, these cases require an intricate understanding of the Acquisition of Evacuee Trust Property Act and specialized civil litigation procedures.

The Federal Shariat Court jurisdiction extends to examining whether any existing law is "repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam." While ordinary property suits are filed in civil courts, the FSC can strike down land-related statutes if they violate Islamic principles of ownership or inheritance. For instance, landmark rulings on Riba (interest) and land reforms have significantly impacted how banks and the state interact with private property. However, it is a common misconception that the FSC hears individual title disputes; those remain within the domain of the Civil Courts and Revenue Authorities. Legal practitioners must distinguish between challenging a law’s Shariat compliance and litigating a specific property claim under the Transfer of Property Act 1882.

Under the Islamic law of inheritance (Sharia), property distribution is strictly mandated by the Quranic shares (Faraid). In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Enforcement of Women’s Property Rights Act 2019 was specifically enacted to ensure that female heirs receive their rightful shares without coercion. Many disputes in Peshawar involve "Mutation" (Inteqal) fraud, where male relatives might attempt to exclude sisters or widows from the record of rights. Resolving these requires a Succession Certificate from the court or NADRA. If a family member has illegally occupied the deceased’s estate, the aggrieved party can approach the Ombudsman for Women’s Property Rights for a speedy recovery of possession and title.

While religious bodies (such as Masajid committees) often attempt mediation, they do not have the legal power of a Religious & Property-Related Tribunal recognized by the state. For actual enforcement, victims of land grabbing must use the Illegal Dispossession Act 2005. This law allows property owners to file a direct complaint in the Court of Sessions against the "Qabza Mafia." If the property in question is a mosque or a church, the criminal and civil law applies equally to protect the sanctity and ownership of the site. A specialized lawyer can help you obtain a "Status Quo" order or a permanent injunction to prevent any structural changes or illegal occupation of the religious site during the pendency of the trial.