How to Conduct Title Searches & Due Diligence Before Purchase — Islamabad & Peshawar Guide?

Buying property in Islamabad and Peshawar is a significant financial commitment, but without verifying ownership and legal status, buyers expose themselves to fraud and disputes. A title search and due diligence process ensures that the property is free from encumbrances, fraudulent claims, or regulatory violations. Nouman Muhib Kakakhel – Lawyer & Legal Consultant has guided countless buyers in conducting thorough checks, saving them from costly mistakes.

Understanding the Concept of Title Verification

A title search is the process of confirming that the seller truly owns the property and has the right to transfer it. It involves reviewing ownership documents, mutation records, and previous transactions. In Islamabad and Peshawar, land records are maintained by revenue offices, development authorities, and in some cases, housing societies. Buyers often consult real estate title verification advisors to ensure that ownership is clear and uncontested.

Reviewing Ownership Documents and Mutation Records

The most critical step in due diligence is to review the chain of title documents. This includes examining sale deeds, gift deeds, inheritance certificates, and mutations. Missing or inconsistent records often signal potential disputes. Buyers should also confirm that the latest mutation (intiqal) has been properly entered into the revenue record. In Islamabad and Peshawar, many disputes arise because buyers rely only on copies rather than verified originals.

Checking for Encumbrances and Legal Liabilities

A property may be legally owned by the seller but still subject to mortgages, litigation, or government dues. Buyers must confirm whether the property is free of such encumbrances. This requires searches in revenue offices, courts, and, in some cases, housing authorities. Encumbrance certificates or clearance letters can help verify that no charges are pending. Buyers often engage due diligence specialists to ensure there are no hidden liabilities.

Verifying Approvals from Development Authorities

For properties within Islamabad, the Capital Development Authority (CDA) plays a crucial role, while in Peshawar, it is the Peshawar Development Authority (PDA). Buyers must confirm whether the property or plot is approved, and whether building plans are sanctioned. Unauthorized constructions or unapproved layouts can lead to demolition orders and financial losses. Checking directly with the relevant authority avoids future disputes.